منابع مشابه
Algebraic Topology Notes, Part Ii: Fundamental Group
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The goal of this paper is to explore basic topics in Algebraic Topology. The paper will first begin by exploring the concept of loops on topological spaces and how one can look at these loops and form a group. From there, it moves to discuss covering spaces giving basic definitions and constructing the universal cover. After establishing this, covering spaces are used to calculate the fundament...
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The focus of this exposition is the fundamental group of a topological space. The paper begins by defining paths and homotopy, and proceeds to construct the fundamental group. Later, attention turns to the consequences of the construction, in particular to the fundamental group of S1 and Van Kampen’s Theorem.
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This is the next article in a series devoted to the homotopy theory (following [11] and [12]). The concept of fundamental groups of pointed topological spaces has been introduced. Isomorphism of fundamental groups defined with respect to different points belonging to the same component has been stated. Triviality of fundamental group(s) of R n has been shown. the terminology and notation for th...
متن کاملFundamental time-asymmetry from nontrivial space topology
It is argued that a fundamental time-asymmetry (arrow-of-time) could arise from the global structure of the space manifold. The proposed mechanism relies on the CPT anomaly of chiral gauge theory defined over a nonsimply connected space manifold. The resulting time-asymmetry is illustrated by a simple thought experiment. This effect could, in principle, play a role in determining the initial co...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics
سال: 1984
ISSN: 0263-6115
DOI: 10.1017/s1446788700022370